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The Gesell Developmental Schedules was also known as GDS, the Gesell Maturity Scale, Yale Tests of Child Development, Gesell Preschool Test, Gesell Kindergarten Screener, and the Gesell Developmental Observation. The purpose of the original scale, developed by Dr. Arnold Gesell at Yale University, was to measure the development of infants and young children.〔Kaplan, R. M., & Sacuzzo, D. P.(2010). Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, & Issues, Eighth Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning〕 Today, these tests no longer exist. The current assessment from the Gesell Institute of Child Development is known as the Gesell Developmental Observation-Revised for ages 2 ½ to 9 years.〔http://www.gesellinstitute.org/educators/gdo-r/〕 == History == The Gesell Developmental Schedule was first published in 1925. The original scale was based on the normative data that was collected from a carefully conducted longitudinal study of early human development. The study focused on the various stages of developing and how they unfolded over time.〔Throughout the years, it has been subjected to extensive research and has subsequently been refined and updated. The first revision was published in 1940. When Dr. Gesell retired from Yale in 1950, Yale retained ownership of the birth to age 3 schedules and Yale continued to refine them although they were never republished named as Gesell Schedules. The schedules for older children became the property of Gesell Institute of Child Development which was established in 1950. In 1964 Dr. Francis Ilg and Dr. Louise Bates Ames, the founders of the Gesell Institute, refined, revised, and collected data on children 5-10 years of age and subsequently in 1965, 1972, and 1979. The results were published in School Readiness: Behavior Tests used at the Gesell Institute. In 2011, the instrument was revised and data was collected only on ages 3-6 years. Today, it is one of the oldest and most established intelligence measures of young children. Once the leading infant intelligence measure from the 1930s through the 1960s, the Gesell Developmental Schedule was nothing short of a breakthrough in infant ability testing when it was first constructed- the first of its kind, actually.〔 〔Ilg, F., Ames, L., Haines, J., & Gillespie, C. (1964, 1965, 1972, 1978). School Readiness. New York: Harper & Row.〕 In March 2010, the Gesell Institute completed a three-year nationwide study which included some 1,300 assessments of children ages 2 years 9 months to 6 years 3 months. The study included a sample of public, private, urban, and suburban schools, 55 sites spanning 23 US states participated in the study. As a result, Gesell Institute published the Gesell Developmental Observation-Revised (GDO-R). The GDO-R is a comprehensive multi-dimensional assessment system that assists educators, and other professionals in understanding characteristics of child behavior in relation to typical growth patterns between 2½ to 9 years of age. The GDO-R uses direct observation to evaluate a child’s cognitive, language, motor and social-emotional responses in five strands: Developmental, Letter/Numbers, Language/Comprehension, Visual/Spatial, and Social/Emotional/Adaptive. A child’s performance on each strand corresponds to a Performance Level Rating (Age Appropriate, Emerging or Concern) and a Developmental Age. Developmental Age, determined by the calculating the results of the GDO-R, is an age in years and half-years that best describes a child’s behavior and performance on a developmental scale; may be equal to, older or younger, than the child’s actual chronological age. It encompasses a child’s social, emotional, intellectual and physical make up. The GDO-R meets requirements for both Head Start (§ 1304.20) and Section 614 of IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act). 〔http://www.gesellinstitute.org/educators/gdo-r/〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gesell Developmental Schedules」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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